Prof. Dr. med.

Born in 1943. Studies of human medicine. In 1973, Medical Doctor from Würzburg University, and lisence to practise medicine. Clinical experience in internal medicine, surgery, anesthesia and neurology between 1972 and 1976. Last clinical appointment at the Clinic of Neurology, Munich University Hospital. Thereafter research scientist at the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich University. Cooperation with the Department of Neuropharmacology at the Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich. 1980 lisence as a specialist in Pharmacology and Toxicology. 1981 Postdoctoral lecturing qualification in Pharmacology and Toxicology (Dr. med. habil.). 1982 Appointment (permanent) as a Professor of Pharmacology at Hannover Medical School, Germany. 1984 Sabbatical at the National Institute for Medical Research, Division of Physical Biochemistry, London. 1985 Appointment as Head of Department Pharmacology-Gastroenterology at Altana Pharma AG Konstanz, Germany (now Takeda). 1987 Appointment as an Extraordinary Professor of Pharmacology (apl. Prof.) at Hannover Medical School. 1991 Lisence as a specialist in Clinical Pharmacology. During professional life member of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), the German Pharmacological and Toxicological Association, the International Narcotic Research Club, and the Editorial Board of the international journal 'Pharmacology'. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Kromer, W. Biological Versus Artificial Consciousness: Will The Two Ever Meet? Neurol Neurosci. 7(1):046 (2026). https://www.sciencexcel.com/article/biological-versus-artificial-consciousness-will-the-two-ever-meet Kromer, W. Tracing the Basis of Self-Consciousness back to the Essential. International Journal of Psychiatry Research 8(5), 1-6 (2025). https://www.scivisionpub.com/pdfs/tracing-the-basis-of-self-consciousness-back-to-the-essential-4148.pdf Kromer, W. The Amazing Gap in Consciousness Research. American J. Neurol. Res. 4(1), 1-3 (2025). https://asrjs.com/pdfs/the-amazing-gap-in-consciousness-research-167.pdf Kromer, W. Is consciousness a mystery? A simplified approach to pinpoint the basic nature of consciousness. J Psychiatry Psychiatric Disord 6, 196-202 (2022). https://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/is-consciousness-a-mystery-a-simplified-approach-to-pinpoint.pdf Kromer, W. Gastrointestinal effects of opioids. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 104/II, A. Herz (ed.). Springer, Heidelberg 1993, pp 163-190 Kromer, W., µ Opioid receptors modulate net chloride secretion in the guinea pig colonic mucosa in a dual fashion. Life Sci. 53, 1061-1068 (1993) Kromer, W., Synergistic opioid inhibition of colonic Cl- secretion by k-opioid receptor agonism plus µ-opioid receptor antagonism. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 230, 235-237 (1993) Kromer, W. Receptor classification using antagonists without determining pA2 values. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12, 11-13 (1991) Kromer, W. Voltage clamp experiments reveal receptor type-dependent modulation of chloride secretion in the guinea pig colonic mucosa by intestinal opioids. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 344, 360-367 (1991) Kromer, W. Endogenous opioids, the enteric nervous system, and gut motility. Invited review. Digestive Diseases 8, 361-373 (1990) Kromer, W. Reflex peristalsis in the guinea pig isolated ileum is endogenously controlled by kappa opioid receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 341, 450-454 (1990) Kromer, W. Endogenous and exogenous opioids in the control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Pharmacological Reviews 40, 121-162 (1988) Kromer, W., P. Schröder, S. Netz. Stereospecific inhibition by naloxone of histamine-stimulated acid secretion in isolated guinea pig parietal cells. Pharmacology 29, 320-328 (1984) Kromer, W., H. Schmidt. Opioids modulate intestinal peristalsis at a site of action additional to that modulating acetylcholine release. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 223, 271-274 (1982) Kromer, W., V. Höllt, H. Schmidt, A. Herz. Release of immunoreactive-dynorphin from the isolated guinea-pig small intestine is reduced during peristaltic activity. Neuroscience Letters 25, 53-56 (1981) Kromer, W., W. Pretzlaff, R. Woinoff. Regional distribution of an opioid mechanism in the guinea-pig isolated intestine. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 33, 98-101 (1981) Kromer, W., R. Woinoff. Peristalsis in the isolated guinea-pig ileum during opiate withdrawal. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 314, 191-193 (1980) Kromer, W., J.E. Dum. Mouse-killing in rats induces a naloxone-blockable increase in nociceptive threshold. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 63, 195-198 (1980) Kromer, W., H. Teschemacher. An opiate withdrawal-like phenomenon in the fetal guinea pig ileum upon naloxone challenge. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 49, 445-446 (1978) Kromer, W., C. Fischer, H. Teschemacher. Extracts of uterine tissue stimulate endorphin release from anterior pituitary in vitro. Neuroscience Letters 8, 259-263 (1978)